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    Kolkata-700007
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    364 Days

our Services

Diagnostic Services

Imaging

 Digital & Dental X-Ray

X-ray or radiography is a painless way of producing pictures of internal organs of the body using radiations called electromagnetic waves. These waves create black and white pictures of Internal Organs as different tissues absorb different amounts of radiation. For eg: Calcium in bones absorbs radiation the most, making bones appear white, Fats and similar soft tissues absorbs less radiation and appears grey, lungs appear black as air absorbs the least of radiation.

X-rays help doctors diagnose- Broken bones, dislocated joints, arthritis, abdominal pain, cancer and even tooth decay. Chest x-rays help in spotting pneumonia or tuberculosis. X-rays are used in mammography to detect signs of breast cancer.

Wearing a lead apron during an x-ray protects delicate organs of your body although the amount of radiation you get from an x-ray is very small. For example, a chest x-ray gives out a radiation dose similar to the amount of radiation you're naturally exposed to from the environment over 10 days.

 CT- Scan

Computerized (or computed) tomography, popular as CT Scan (formerly referred to as computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan), is an X-ray procedure that combines many X-ray images with the aid of a computer to generate cross-sectional views and, if needed, three-dimensional images of the internal organs and structures of the body.

A CT scan is used to define normal and abnormal structures in the body and/or assist in placement of instruments or treatments.

  • CT scan can be done for head, where tumors, infections and traumatic injuries (such as blood clots or skull fractures) can be identified.
  • In the spine, where the bony structure of the vertebrae can be accurately defined.
  • As the anatomy of the intervertebral discs and spinal cord.
  • Measuring the density of bone for evaluating osteoporosis.

 USG (Ultra sound/sonography)

USG is the procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to generate live images from inside the body. Although the terms ultrasound and sonogram are technically different, they are used interchangeably and refers to the same exam. They show the structure and movement of the body's internal organs, including the abdomen, the fetus of pregnant women as well as blood flowing through blood vessels.

An abdominal ultrasound test is usually done to check the conditions of the major organs in the human body's abdominal cavity. The ultrasound majorly helps in checking properly various organs such as

  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Kidneys
  • Gallbladder

Unlike other imaging techniques, ultrasound uses no radiation hence is preferred for scanning woman’s abdomen and pelvic cavity, the reproductive system and the fetus of a pregnant woman creating a picture (sonogram) of the baby and placenta.

 Endoscopy

Endoscopy is looking inside the patients’ body by insertion of a long, thin tube, called endoscope, directly into the body. It is also used to carry out other tasks including imaging and minor surgery.

Endoscopes are minimally invasive and can be inserted into the openings of the body such as the mouth or anus. Alternatively, they can be inserted through a small incision, for instance, in the knee or abdomen. Surgery completed through a small incision and assisted with special instruments, such as the endoscope, is called keyhole surgery.

As modern endoscopy are relatively risks free, delivers detailed images and is quick to carry out, is proven incredibly useful in many areas of medicine. Today, tens of millions of endoscopies are carried out each year.

 Color Doppler

Doppler Ultrasonography or Color Doppler imaging uses sound waves to generate images of the movement of tissues and body fluids (usually blood) and their relative velocity to the probe. It is a presentation of the velocity by color scale, where the frequency shift of a particular sample volume is calculated, for example, flows in an artery or a jet of blood flow over a heart valve, is visualised by determining sound speed and direction.

Color Doppler images are generally combined with grayscale (B-mode) images to display duplex ultrasonography images, allowing for simultaneous visualization of the anatomy of the area.

The Test is particularly useful in cardiovascular studies (sonography of the vascular system and heart) and essential in many areas such as determining reverse blood flow in the liver vasculature in portal hypertension.

Cardiology

 Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography is a graphical presentation of voltage versus time of electrical activity of the heart using electrodes, commonly referred to as Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG). The electrodes placed on your skin detect the small electrical changes that are a consequence of cardiac muscle depolarization followed by repolarization during each cardiac cycle (heartbeat).

The standard 12-lead ECG employs ten electrodes placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles ("leads") and is recorded over a period of time (usually ten seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle.

ECG provides information about the

  • Part of the heart that triggers each heartbeat (the pacemaker, called the sinoatrial or sinus node)
  • Nerve conduction pathways of the heart
  • Rate and rhythm of the heart

ECG also shows that heart is enlarged, usually due to high blood pressure, or the heart is not receiving enough oxygen due to blockage in blood vessels.

Changes in normal ECG pattern occur in numerous cardiac abnormalities, including cardiac rhythm disturbances (such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia), inadequate coronary artery blood flow (such as myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction), and electrolyte disturbances (such as hypokalemia and hyperkalemia).

An electrocardiogram is a safe procedure. There is no risk of electrical shock during the test because the electrodes used do not produce electricity. The electrodes only record the electrical activity of your heart.

 Echocardiograghy

Echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves to produce live images, called echocardiogram, of your heart. The test helps in monitoring how the heart and its valves are functioning.

Echocardiogram gives information about:

  • Blood clots in the heart chambers
  • Fluid in the sac around the heart
  • Problems with the aorta, which is the main artery connected to the heart
  • Problems with the pumping function or relaxing function of the heart
  • Problems with the function of your heart valves
  • Pressures in the heart

An echocardiogram is key in determining the health of the heart muscle, especially after a heart attack. It can also reveal heart defects in unborn babies.

 Trade Mill Test (TMT)

A treadmill exercise stress test is used to determine the wellness of the heart during the times when it is working its hardest. Exercise allows doctors to detect abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and diagnose the presence or absence of coronary artery disease.

During the test, you’ll be asked to exercise — typically on a treadmill — while you’re hooked up to an electrocardiogram (EKG) machine. This allows your doctor to monitor your heart rate. Stress tests are generally considered safe, especially since they’re done in a controlled environment under the supervision of a trained medical professional.

Neurology

 Electroencephalogram (EEG)

An EEG test detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain using electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires pasted onto your scalp.

The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your brain cells. The charges are amplified and jotted as a graph on the computer screen, or as a recording that may be printed out on paper. Around 100 pages or like computer screens are evaluated by your doctor to determine the status of your brain cells. Special attention is paid to the basic waveform and examination of brief bursts of energy and responses to stimuli, such as flashing lights.

An EEG might also be helpful for diagnosing or treating the following disorders:

  • Brain tumor
  • Brain damage from head injury
  • Brain dysfunction that can have a variety of causes (encephalopathy)
  • Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
  • Stroke
  • Sleep disorders

A highly trained specialist, called a clinical neurophysiologist, can recognise if your EEG test shows a brainwave pattern that is different to most other people. Some of these patterns point to a strong possibility of epilepsy.

 Electromyography (EMG)

EMG is a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the health condition of muscles and the nerve cells that control them.

During the test, one or more small needles (also called electrodes) are inserted through the skin into the muscle. The electrical activity picked up by the electrodes is then displayed on an oscilloscope (a monitor that displays electrical activity in the form of waves). An audio-amplifier is used so the activity can be heard. EMG measures the electrical activity of muscle during rest, slight contraction and forceful contraction. After an electrode has been inserted, you may be asked to contract the muscle, for example, by lifting or bending your leg. The action potential (size and shape of the wave) that this creates on the oscilloscope provides information about the ability of the muscle to respond when the nerves are stimulated. As the muscle is contracted more forcefully, more and more muscle fibers are activated, producing action potentials.

EMG results are often necessary to help diagnose or rule out a number of conditions such as:

  • Muscle disorders, such as muscular dystrophy or polymyositis
  • Diseases affecting the connection between the nerve and the muscle, such as myasthenia gravis
  • Disorders of nerves outside the spinal cord (peripheral nerves), such as carpal tunnel syndrome or peripheral neuropathies
  • Disorders that affect the motor neurons in the brain or spinal cord, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or polio
  • Disorders that affect the nerve root, such as a herniated disk in the spine

 Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV)

NCV test is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through the nerve also known as a nerve conduction study. The procedure measures how quickly electrical signals move through your peripheral nerves and thus help in ascertaining nerve damage and dysfunction.

Peripheral nerves are located outside of brain and along spinal cord. These nerves help you control your muscles and experience the senses. Healthy nerves send electrical signals more quickly and with greater strength than damaged nerves.

During the test, the nerve is stimulated, usually with surface electrode patches attached to the skin. Two electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerve. One electrode stimulates the nerve with a very mild electrical impulse and the other electrode records it. The resulting electrical activity is recorded by another electrode. This is repeated for each nerve being tested. The nerve conduction velocity (speed) is then calculated by measuring the distance between electrodes and the time it takes for electrical impulses to travel between electrodes.

The NVC test helps your doctor differentiate between an injury to the nerve fiber and an injury to the myelin sheath, the protective covering surrounding the nerve. It also help your doctor tell the difference between a nerve disorder and a condition where a nerve injury has affected the muscles.

Pathology Services

 Hematology

Hematology is practised by specialists in the field who deal with the diagnosis, treatment and overall management of people with blood disorders ranging from anaemia to blood cancer.

Some of the diseases treated by haematologists include:

  • Iron deficiency anaemia and other types of anaemia such as sickle cell anaemia or trauma-related anaemia
  • Polycythemia or excess production of red blood cells
  • Myelofibrosis
  • Leukemia
  • Platelet and bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Von Willebrand disease
  • The myelodysplastic syndromes
  • Hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Malignant lymphomas
  • Blood transfusion
  • Bone marrow stem cell transplantation

Tests and procedures that a hematologist may perform include:

  • Complete blood cell count
  • Platelet count
  • Blood enzyme tests
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Blood transfusions

 Cytopathology

Cytopathology is the study of individual cells extracted from tissues to determine the cause and nature of a disease. Sampled fluid/ tissue from a patient is smeared onto a slide and stained and then examined under the microscope by the anatomical pathologist to look at the number of cells on the slide, what types of cells they are, how they are grouped together and what the cell details are (shape, size, nucleus etc). This information is useful in determining whether a disease is present and what is the likely diagnosis.

Cytopathology plays a key role in clinical diagnosis of cancerous and pre-cancerous disease states, benign tumors, and some infectious diseases. The field now encompasses a wide range of techniques for a variety of tissues.

Cytology is most often used as a screening tool to look for disease and to decide whether or not more tests need to be performed. An example of screening would be the investigation of a breast lump. In combination with examination by the clinician and imaging tests, a needle aspirate of the lump submitted for cytology will show whether the breast cells are suspicious for cancer or look bland/ benign. If they look suspicious, a core biopsy with a larger needle may be performed which takes more tissue, allowing for a definitive diagnosis to be made before deciding what type of surgery is required (local removal of the lump or removal of the whole breast).

 Microbiology

Micro-organisms and their activities are vital to virtually all processes on Earth. Micro-organisms matter because they affect every aspect of our lives – they are in us, on us and around us.

Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye. This includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and algae, collectively known as 'microbes'. These microbes play key roles in nutrient cycling, biodegradation/biodeterioration, climate change, food spoilage, the cause and control of disease and biotechnology. Thanks to their versatility, microbes can be put to work in many ways: making life-saving drugs, the manufacture of biofuels, cleaning up pollution, and producing/processing food and drink.

 Serology

Serologic tests are the best way to test blood and confirm antibodies in your blood. The test involves a number of laboratory techniques. Different types of serologic tests are used to diagnose various disease conditions.

All the serologic tests have one thing in common. They all focus on proteins made by your immune system. This vital body system helps keep you healthy by destroying foreign invaders that can make you ill. The process for having the test is the same regardless of which technique the laboratory uses during serologic testing.

 Histopathology

Histology is the study of tissues and histopathology is the study of disease related to that tissue.

A histopathology report describes the tissue that has been sent for examination and the features of what the cancer looks like under the microscope. A histopathology report is sometimes called a biopsy report or a pathology report.

Histopathology is the study of the signs of the disease using the microscopic examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen that is processed and fixed onto glass slides. To visualize different components of the tissue under a microscope, the sections are dyed with one or more stains.

 Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the application of chemistry to study biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. It explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

By using chemical knowledge and techniques, biochemists can understand and solve biological problems.

Biochemistry has become the foundation for understanding all biological processes. It has provided explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals and plants.

Biochemistry focuses on processes happening at a molecular level. It focuses on what’s happening inside our cells, studying components like proteins, lipids and organelles. It also looks at how cells communicate with each other, for example during growth or fighting illness. Biochemists need to understand how the structure of a molecule relates to its function, allowing them to predict how molecules will interact.

 Clinical Pathology

Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. This specialty requires a medical residency.

Clinical pathologists often direct all of the special divisions of the laboratory, which may include the blood bank, clinical chemistry and biology, toxicology, hematology, immunology and serology and microbiology. Clinical pathology also involves maintenance of laboratory information systems, research and quality control.

A clinical pathologist looks at blood, urine, and other body fluid samples under a microscope, or with other diagnostic tools. He or she watches levels of certain chemicals or other substances in the body. A diagnosis or decision to do further study is then made based on the test results.